Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *Kap-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 cover (n.) 2 gate, door 3 to close

Russian meaning: 1 крышка 2 ворота, дверь 3 закрывать

Old Turkic: qapaɣ, qapɨɣ (Orkh., OUygh.) 2, qapɣɨ (Orkh.) 2, qapaq (OUygh.) 1, qap- 3

Karakhanid: qapuɣ (MK, KB), qapɣaq (MK) 1, qapuɣ (MK) 2

Turkish: kapak 1, kapɨ 2, kapa- 3, kap- 3

Tatar: dial. qapqaq 1, qapqa 2, qapla- 3

Middle Turkic: qabaɣ (Qutb.) 1, qapu (Houts., Pav. C.) 2, qabuɣ (Qutb.) 2

Uzbek: qɔpɛqɔq 1, qɔpqɛ 2, qɔplɛ- 3

Uighur: qap(q)aq 1, dial. qobuɣ 2, qapla- 3

Azerbaidzhan: GapaG 1, Gapɨ 2, Gapa- 3

Turkmen: Gapaq 1, Gapɨ 2, dial. Gap- 3

Khakassian: xaxpax 1

Shor: qabaq 1

Oyrat: qaqpaq 1

Chuvash: xobъ 1, xop(la)- 3

Yakut: xappax 1

Dolgan: kappaktā- 'to cover'

Tuva: qaqpaq 1

Kirghiz: qapqaq 1, qapqa 2

Kazakh: qaqpaq 1, qapɨ 2, qaqpa 2

Noghai: qapaq 1, qapɨ 2, qap(l)a- 3

Bashkir: qapqa 2, qapla- 3

Karaim: qabaq 2

Karakalpak: qaqpaq 1, qapɨ 2, qaqpa 2

Salar: qāvu 2 (ССЯ)

Kumyk: qapu 2, qabaq 2

Comments: VEWT 203, TMN 3, 369, ЭСТЯ 5, 160, 263-264, 274-275, Лексика 510, Федотов 2, 358-359, Stachowski 138 (there is also a variant *Kāp- - due to merger with another root *Kāp-, v. sub *k[ā]p`á; the meaning 'cover' here is probably secondary). Turk. > Mong. qabqaɣ 'cover' (whence Evk. kapkak, see Doerfer MT 125), qabqa 'gate', see TMN 3, 371, 415, Hung. kapu 'gate', see Gombocz 1912.

Proto-Turkic: *KĀpan

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: boar

Russian meaning: кабан

Turkish: dial. kaban

Tatar: qaban

Middle Turkic: qaban (Pav. C., Abush.)

Uzbek: qɔbɔn

Uighur: qavan

Azerbaidzhan: Gaban

Turkmen: Gaban

Oyrat: qaman

Tuva: xavan

Kirghiz: qaman

Kazakh: qaban

Noghai: qaban

Bashkir: qaban

Balkar: qaban

Karakalpak: qaban

Kumyk: qaban

Comments: VEWT 216, ЭСТЯ 5, 164, Лексика 156.

Proto-Turkic: *Kapɨrčak, *Kapsak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 box, coffin 2 basket

Russian meaning: 1 ящик, гроб 2 корзина

Karakhanid: qapɨrčaq 1,2 (MK)

Turkish: koburčuk, dial. kapurǯak 1, dial. kabzak, kabsak 2

Middle Turkic: qabɨrčaq (IM), qaburčuq (AH)

Turkmen: Gapɨrǯaq 1

Chuvash: > Hung. koporsó 1 (see Gombocz 1912)

Comments: EDT 587, ЭСТЯ 5, 276-278. Tekin (1979, 127) cites Uygh. qapɨz 'coffin', but we were unable to find the word either in Old or Mod. Uyghur. Perhaps he meant Karakh. xafsɨ 'small box' (MK, see EDT 587). Brockelmann derived the word from Lat. capsa through Syr. qafsā, but a loan in Turkic < Syr. is not quite probable, and the word might well be genuine. But modern forms: Tur. dial. kapsa 'box, chest', (CCum.) qapsa 'box, coffin' may well be < Syr. (cf. ЭСТЯ 5, 277).

Proto-Turkic: *Kaptal

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: side

Russian meaning: бок

Middle Turkic: qaptal (R - ShS, Vam.)

Uzbek: qɔptɔl

Uighur: qaptal

Turkmen: Gapdal

Oyrat: qaptal

Yakut: xaptal

Kirghiz: qaptal

Kazakh: qaptal

Bashkir: qaptal

Karakalpak: qaptal

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 267-268.

Proto-Turkic: *KApuŋ (?)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bumble-bee

Russian meaning: шмель

Old Turkic: qabuŋ (OUygh. - Suv.)

Comments: ДТС 399.

Proto-Turkic: *KApur-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: rib

Russian meaning: ребро

Old Turkic: qabar (Ettuhf.)

Turkish: kabur (dial.) 'a piece of tin or leather for fixing cracks'

Uzbek: qɛbɨz (dial.) 'armpit'

Turkmen: GapɨrGa

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 275-276. Щербак (1997, 207) regards the word as a Mong. loanword, which is hardly the case (although numerous forms like Chag. qaburɣa etc. may indeed have a Mong. origin, see TMN 1, 392).

Proto-Turkic: *Kar

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 arm 2 forearm 3 shin-bone of animal 4 various measures of length

Russian meaning: 1 рука (верхняя часть) 2 предплечье 3 голенная кость животного 4 различные меры длины

Old Turkic: qar 1, qarɨ 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qarɨ (MK) 1

Turkish: karu-ǯa 1

Tatar: qarɨ 1, qara 4 (dial.)

Middle Turkic: qar 1 (Vam.), qarɨ 1 (Abush.), 2 (Houts.), 4 (in all sources)

Uzbek: qari 1,4, qara 3 (dial.)

Uighur: qeri 4, qaja 3 (dial.)

Sary-Yughur: qar 2

Azerbaidzhan: gari 3 (dial.)

Turkmen: Garɨ 3,4

Shor: qarɨ 1

Oyrat: qarɨ 1

Halaj: qarɨ 4

Chuvash: xor 2, 4

Yakut: xarɨ, xara 2, 3

Tuva: qɨrɨ 2

Tofalar: qɨrɨ 2

Kirghiz: qar 1, qarɨ 1

Kazakh: qar 2, qarɨ 2, 3

Noghai: qarɨ 4

Bashkir: qar 3

Balkar: qarɨ 4

Karakalpak: qar 2, qarɨ 2, 4

Comments: TMN 3, 461-2, ЭСТЯ 5, 278-283, Дыбо 160-164, Дыбо 1989, Федотов 2, 361, Лексика 246-247. The usage of *Karɨ as a measure ('cubit') may seem natural, but in fact reflects a merger with a different root, see under *K(i)arɨĺ. Turk. > Hung. kar 'arm', see Ligeti 1933, MNyTESz 2, 369.

Proto-Turkic: *KAr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to overflow 2 moat, ditch

Russian meaning: 1 переливаться через край 2 канава

Old Turkic: qarɨm ~ qaram (OUygh.) 2

Karakhanid: qar- (MK) 1, qarɨm (KB) 2

Turkish: kar- (of water) 'to pile up behind an obstacle', dial. karɨm 2

Middle Turkic: qar- (IM) 1

Uzbek: qārɨm (dial.) 2

Uighur: qerim 2

Azerbaidzhan: Garɨm 2

Turkmen: Garɨm 2

Shor: xaral

Oyrat: qarantɨ 'thawed spot'

Tuva: xarālča 'ice-hole'

Karakalpak: qarɨm 2

Comments: EDT 643, ЭСТЯ 5, 320.

Proto-Turkic: *Kaŕ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to dig 2 to scrape, scratch 3 plane

Russian meaning: 1 копать 2 скрести, царапать 3 рубанок

Old Turkic: qaz- (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: qaz- (KB), qazɨ- (MK) 1

Turkish: kaz- 1,2, kazɨ- 2, kazaɣɨ 3

Tatar: qazɨ- 1

Middle Turkic: qaz- (AH, Houts., MA, IM, Pav. C.) 1, (Pav. C.) 2

Uzbek: qaz- 1, qazi- 1

Uighur: qaz- 1

Azerbaidzhan: Gaz- 1,2, Gazɨ- 1,2

Turkmen: Gaz- 1, Gaza- 2

Khakassian: dial. xas- 1

Shor: qas- 1

Oyrat: qas- 1

Chuvash: xɨr- 2

Yakut: xas- 1,2

Dolgan: kas- 1

Tuva: qas- 1

Kirghiz: qaz- 1

Kazakh: qaz- 1

Noghai: qazɨ- 1

Bashkir: qaδɨ- 1

Gagauz: qaz- 1

Karakalpak: qaz- 1

Kumyk: qaz- 1

Comments: VEWT 243, ЭСТЯ 5, 185-186, Мудрак 103, Stachowski 140. Chuv. -ɨ- is not quite clear here.

Proto-Turkic: *Kar-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 opposite 2 be opposite, meet 3 bandit

Russian meaning: 1 противоположный 2 встречаться 3 разбойник

Old Turkic: qaršɨ (OUygh.) 1; qaraqčɨ (OUygh.) 3

Karakhanid: qaršu (MK, KB), qaršɨ (KB) 1, qaraqčɨ (KB) 3, qaraqla- (MK) 'to rob'

Tatar: qaraq 3

Middle Turkic: qaraq (Pav. C., Abush.) 3

Uzbek: qɛrɛqči 3

Turkmen: Garšɨ- 2; Garaq 3

Chuvash: xirǝś- 2; xorax 3

Yakut: xar, xār 1 (Пек.); xar-da 'retaliation'; xarɨs- 'to fight (with each other)'

Dolgan: kar-da 'retaliation', karɨs- 'to fight'

Kirghiz: qaraqčɨ 3

Noghai: qaraq 3

Bashkir: qaraq 3

Karakalpak: qaraqšɨ 3

Kumyk: qaraq 3

Comments: VEWT 235, ЭСТЯ 5, 294-295, 326-327, Ашм. XVI, 219-220, Федотов 2, 365-366, Stachowski 139, 140. Chuv. xirǝś- may actually reflect a different root (see *gerüĺ-), or a contamination. Turk. qaršɨ > Mong. qarsi (Clark 1980, 41). Cf. also *Karma 'robbery'.

Proto-Turkic: *Kara

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: black

Russian meaning: черный

Old Turkic: qara (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qara (MK, KB)

Turkish: kara

Tatar: qara

Middle Turkic: qara (MA, IM, Pav. C., AH, Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: qɔrɛ

Uighur: qara, dial. qare

Sary-Yughur: Gara

Azerbaidzhan: Gara

Turkmen: Gara

Khakassian: xara

Shor: qara

Oyrat: qara

Halaj: qara

Chuvash: xora

Yakut: xara

Dolgan: kara

Tuva: qara

Tofalar: qara

Kirghiz: qara

Kazakh: qara

Noghai: qara

Bashkir: qara

Balkar: qara

Gagauz: qara

Karaim: qara

Karakalpak: qara

Salar: Gara

Kumyk: qara

Comments: VEWT 235, TMN 3, 426-432, EDT 643-4, ЭСТЯ 5, 286-289, 299-100, Лексика 592-593, Stachowski 138, Федотов 2, 362.

Proto-Turkic: *KAr(a)gu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: reed

Russian meaning: тростник

Karakhanid: qarɣu (AH)

Turkish: karɣɨ

Middle Turkic: qarɣu (AH), ɣarqu (Бор. Бад.), ɣaraw (Pav. C., Abush.)

Uzbek: ɣɔrɔw

Azerbaidzhan: Garɣɨ

Turkmen: GarGɨ

Halaj: Garɣo

Chuvash: xorɣux 'осот полевой, молочай' ( < *Korgaɣu with secondary -x; Ашм. XVI, 194: xur xuxi, xur xuxxi, xor xъvъx)

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 306.

Proto-Turkic: *Karak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 eye-ball 2 eye 3 a gentle address ("my dear")

Russian meaning: 1 зрачок 2 глаз 3 ласковое обращение

Old Turkic: qaraq 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qaraq 2 (MK, KB)

Turkish: köz karasɨ 1, Osm. (XV) qaraq 2

Middle Turkic: qaraq (Pav. C., Бор. Бад., Sangl.) 1, (Abush.) 2

Uzbek: qɔrɛčiq 1

Uighur: qar(i)čuq 1

Azerbaidzhan: göz Garasɨ 1

Turkmen: Garaq 1

Khakassian: xarax 2, dial. xaračɨ 1

Shor: qaraq 2

Oyrat: qaraq 1, 2

Chuvash: koś xori 1

Yakut: xarax 2

Dolgan: karak 2

Tuva: qaraq 2

Tofalar: qaraq 2

Kirghiz: qaraq 3, dial. qareq 1, 2

Kazakh: qaraq 3, qarašɨq 1

Noghai: qarašɨq 1

Karakalpak: qaraq 3, qarašɨq 1

Comments: VEWT 235-236, TMN 3, 434-436, EDT 652, ЭСТЯ 5, 295-296, Ашм. VII, 36, Лексика 210, Stachowski 138. Deriving *Karak from *Kara 'black' (see also TMN 1, 401) is highly dubious both for semantic and morphological reasons; forms like Tur. göz karasɨ result from secondary reanalysis. Cf. also the forms *Kara-la- 'to stare' (Az. qarala-, Uygh. qarala-, see ЭСТЯ 5, 289), *Karaj- 'to watch, preserve' (Yak. xaraj-, Dolg. karaj-; Yak. xarɨs 'care, wariness', Dolg. karɨstā- 'to care, beware', see Stachowski 138, 140) - which, in contrast to qara- 'look' ( < Mong.) are unlikely to be borrowed.

Proto-Turkic: *KArakan

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: acacia

Russian meaning: акация

Karakhanid: qaraqan (MK)

Middle Turkic: qaraqan[a] (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qɔrɔɣɔn

Turkmen: GaraGan 'солянка древовидная'

Khakassian: xaraɣan

Shor: qaraɣan

Oyrat: qaraɣan

Halaj: qaraqan

Tuva: xaraɣan, Todzh. qaraɣan

Kirghiz: qaraɣan

Kazakh: qaraɣan

Bashkir: dial. qaraɣan

Comments: EDT 657, ЭСТЯ 5, 293-294, TMN 1, 275. Turk. > Mong. qaraɣana, whence again into Turk. (Khak. xarɣana etc., see ЭСТЯ ibid.).

Proto-Turkic: *KAramuk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: cockle

Russian meaning: куколь

Karakhanid: qaramuq (MK)

Turkish: dial. karamuk

Tatar: qaramɨq (Sib.)

Middle Turkic: qaramuq (Pav. C., MA)

Uzbek: qɔrɛmuɣ

Uighur: qarimuq

Kirghiz: qaramɨq

Kazakh: qaramɨq

Karakalpak: qaramɨq

Kumyk: qaramčɨq

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 296-297.

Proto-Turkic: *KArga

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: crow

Russian meaning: ворона

Old Turkic: qarɣa (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qarɣa (MK, KB)

Turkish: karɣa

Tatar: qarɣa

Middle Turkic: qarɣa (Houts., AH, IM, Qutb., Pav. C.), qarqa (MA)

Uzbek: qɛrɣɛ

Uighur: qa(r)ɣa

Azerbaidzhan: Garɣa

Turkmen: GarGa

Khakassian: xarɣa

Shor: qarɣa

Oyrat: qarɣa

Tuva: qārɣan

Tofalar: qarɣan

Kirghiz: qarɣa

Kazakh: qarɣa

Noghai: qarɣa

Bashkir: qarɣa

Balkar: qarɣa

Karakalpak: qarɣa, ɣarɣa

Kumyk: qarɣa

Comments: VEWT 237, TMN 3, 384, ЭСТЯ 5, 303-304, Лексика 171. Turk. > Mong. qarɣa (Щербак 1997, 134).

Proto-Turkic: *Kạrga-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to swear, curse

Russian meaning: ругать, проклинать

Old Turkic: qarɣan- (recipr.) (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qarɣa-, qɨrɣa- (MK, KB)

Tatar: qarɣa-

Middle Turkic: qarɣa- (Qutb, Abush.)

Uzbek: qɛrɣɛ-

Uighur: qa(r)ɣa-

Turkmen: GarGa-

Khakassian: xarɣa-

Oyrat: qarɣa-

Chuvash: xъrrъn (Adv.) 'angrily'

Yakut: kɨrā-

Dolgan: kɨrā-

Tuva: qarɣa-

Tofalar: qarɣa-

Kirghiz: qarɣa-

Kazakh: qarɣa-

Noghai: qarɣa-

Bashkir: qarɣa-

Karakalpak: qarɣa-

Kumyk: qarɣa-

Comments: EDT 655, VEWT 237, ЭСТЯ 5, 304-305, Stachowski 169.

Proto-Turkic: *Kaŕgan-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to earn wages by labour, to gain profits by trade, to strive for success

Russian meaning: приобретать, хранить, выигрывать

Old Turkic: qazɣan- (Orkh., Yeniss., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qazɣan- (MK, KB)

Turkish: kazan-

Tatar: qazan-

Middle Turkic: qazan- (Sangl., Houts., Ettuhf., IM, Pav. C., MA), Kypch. qazan- (CCum.)

Uighur: qazan-

Azerbaidzhan: Gazan-

Turkmen: Gazan-

Chuvash: xъrɣъn 'скупец, скряга, скаред'

Yakut: xahān-

Noghai: qazan-

Bashkir: qazan-

Gagauz: qazan-

Kumyk: qazan-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 188-189.

Proto-Turkic: *K[a]ŕguk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: pole, peg

Russian meaning: палка, колышек

Old Turkic: qazɣuq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qazŋuq (MK)

Turkish: kazɨk

Tatar: qazɨq

Middle Turkic: qazuq (Бор. Бад., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qɔziq

Uighur: qozuq

Sary-Yughur: quzuq

Azerbaidzhan: gazɨx (dial.)

Turkmen: GazɨG

Oyrat: qazɨq

Chuvash: *karuH > Hung. karó (see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 2, 387).

Kazakh: qazɨq

Noghai: qazɨq

Bashkir: qaδa- 'to stick into', qaδaq, qaδɨq 'nail'

Balkar: qazɨq

Gagauz: qazɨq

Karaim: qazɨq

Karakalpak: qazɨq

Kumyk: qazɨq

Comments: EDT 682 (derivation from *Kaŕ- 'dig' is highly dubious, although the vocalism could have been influenced by the verbal root), VEWT 243, ЭСТЯ 5, 190-191. Because of its consonant the Bashk. form belongs rather here than to PT *Kāta- (v. sub *kā́jta).

Proto-Turkic: *Kạrɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 old 2 old woman or man 3 to become old

Russian meaning: 1 старый 2 старуха, старик 3 стареть

Old Turkic: qarɨ 1, qarɨ- 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qarɨ (MK, KB) 1, qarɨ- (MK, KB) 3

Turkish: karɨ, kart 1

Tatar: qarɨ, qart 1

Middle Turkic: qarɨ (MA, Abush.) 1, qarɨ- (MA, Abush.) 3

Uzbek: qari 1, qari- 3

Uighur: qeri 1,2, qeri- 3

Azerbaidzhan: Garɨ, Gart 2,1

Turkmen: Garrɨ 1, Garra- 3

Khakassian: kirǝ 1, kirǝ- 3

Shor: qarɨ 1, qarɨ- 3

Oyrat: qarɨ 1, qarɨ- 3

Yakut: kɨrɨj- 3

Dolgan: kɨrɨj- 3

Tuva: qɨrɨ- 3

Tofalar: qɨrɨ- 3

Kirghiz: qarɨ, qart 1, qarɨ- 3, qart 3

Kazakh: qarɨ ~ qɛri, qart 1

Noghai: qart 1

Bashkir: qarɨ, qart 1

Gagauz: qarɨ 1,2 (also 'woman')

Karakalpak: qarɨ, ɣarrɨ 1

Kumyk: qart 1

Comments: EDT 644, TMN 3, 440, ЭСТЯ 5, 311-312, 314-316, Лексика 84-85, Stachowski 169, 170.